Antibiotic Resistance among Enteric Bacteria and Their Health Implication
نویسندگان
چکیده
Today antimicrobial agent resistance is an emerging global concern to both public and veterinary health. The use of antibacterial drugs for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes in humans and for veterinary and agricultural purposes has provided selective pressure favoring the survival and spread of resistant organisms. However, resistant bacteria may transfer their resistance to previously non-resistant pathogenic bacteria or directly infect humans with bacterialdiseases that cannot be treated by conventional antimicrobial therapies. The potential for antibiotic exposure and resistance development in human and animal gastrointestinal tracts, coupled with relatively great abundance in waters contaminated with human and animal waste, makes the fecal coliform bacteria a logical fecal groupfor studies of antibiotic resistance and transfer in aquatic environments. The main bacteria present in human and animal feces discussed which indicators of fecal pollution should be used in current drinking water microbiological analysis.This review mainly focoused on antibiotic resistance of environmental isolates is imperative to explore the antibiotic pressure in the environment. In addition methods to reduce bacteria resistant load in wastewaters and the amount of antimicrobial agents is originated in most cases of hospitals and farms that optimization the disinfection procedures and management of wastewater.
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